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Jeremiah Olney (1749 – 10 November 1812) was born into an old family from Rhode Island. He formed a company of infantry from that state at the start of the American Revolutionary War. After serving as captain in 1776, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel at the beginning of 1777. As second-in-command of the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, he fought at Red Bank. After its commander was wounded early in the action, he led Varnum's brigade in bitter fighting at Monmouth in June 1778. In 1780 he married the governor's daughter, Sarah Cooke. Later that year he led his regiment in action at Springfield. He moved south in 1781 to lead the Rhode Island Regiment at Yorktown. After the war he helped found the Rhode Island chapter of the Society of the Cincinnati. He supported the Federalist Party and held various civil offices. After helping to establish the Providence Theater, he defended it against accusations of immorality. He also invested in farms, turnpikes, shipping, and other business ventures. ==Early career== Olney was born in 1749 at Providence, Rhode Island to parents Joseph Olney (1706–1777) and Elizabeth T. Mawney (b. 1714). He was one of Joseph's 12 children and was sibling to a twin named Marcy.〔Olney, L. ''The Olney Connection''〕 Olney descended from Thomas Olney, a minister of the First Baptist Church in America and one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony.〔Appleton's, ''Jeremiah Olney''〕 Olney at first declined a captain's commission in the Rhode Island Army of Observation. Later he assumed command of a company of infantry in Colonel Daniel Hitchcock's Rhode Island Regiment. He held a captain's commission in the regiment beginning on 3 May 1775. He remained a captain during the entire year of 1776 when the unit was called the 11th Continental Regiment.〔 The sources stated only that Olney fought in four battles (Red Bank, Monmouth, Springfield, and Yorktown).〔〔〔findagrave.com, ''Col. Jeremiah Olney (1749-1812)''〕 However, one source noted that, "he participated in many engagements", so it is likely that he fought in other battles as well.〔 During the period May 1775 to January 1777, the regiment served in the Siege of Boston and the New York and New Jersey Campaign.〔Wright, 229〕 At the time of the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, John Nixon's brigade of Nathanael Greene's division included Hitchcock's Regiment with a strength of 368 men.〔Fischer, 387〕 The regiment, renamed the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment on 1 January 1777,〔 fought at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek on 2 January 1777 where they held the lower ford on the left flank.〔Fischer, 301〕 In this position, they repelled the attacks of the British light infantry and Hessian jägers.〔Fischer, 304-305〕 The regiment, which numbered only 120 men, belonged to a 352-man brigade commanded by Hitchcock.〔Fischer, 409〕 The 2nd Regiment participated in the Battle of Princeton the following day. After Charles Mawhood's initial attack routed Hugh Mercer's advance guard, George Washington rallied the Americans on the hill where Thomas Clark's house still stands. Hitchcock's small brigade joined with forces under Edward Hand, Thomas Mifflin, John Cadwalader, and others to defeat Mawhood.〔Fischer, 335〕 Hitchcock and Hand probably deployed on the American right flank.〔Fischer, 337〕 Hitchcock died of pneumonia on 13 January 1777 at Morristown, New Jersey.〔Gaspee, ''Colonel Daniel Hitchcock, Esq.''〕 That day, Olney was promoted lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Rhode Island. Israel Angell became colonel while Simeon Thayer became major.〔 The Rhode Island Assembly voted to recruit two full regiments when the terms of enlistment of the 1776 units ran out. By February only 50 men had enrolled but recruiting picked up and 400 men had enlisted by March. Another 1,800 state troops contained the British foothold at Newport. Together with the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, 4th Connecticut Regiment, and 8th Connecticut Regiment, the 2nd Regiment served in Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum's brigade.〔americanrevolution.org, ''1st Rhode Island''〕 The 2nd Regiment transferred to the Highlands Department on 12 March 1777 and back to the main army on 14 September.〔 Under the command of Varnum, the 2nd Regiment arrived at Red Bank, New Jersey on 18 October.〔McGuire, 138-139〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jeremiah Olney」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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